Rabbit Fibromatosis Viruses (RFV) refer to a group of highly contagious viral pathogens that primarily affect rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). RFVs belong to the family Leporipoxviridae and several distinct strains have been identified, including Shope fibroma virus, myxoma virus, and papillomatosis virus. These viruses cause the formation of benign, non-cancerous tumors, known as fibromas, on the skin and internal organs of infected rabbits.
RFVs are transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, as well as through mechanical transmission via arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and fleas. Once inside the rabbit's body, the viruses replicate rapidly, leading to the development of fibromas within a few weeks. These fibromas grow as nodules that can vary in size and often have a cauliflower-like appearance. While fibromas primarily occur on the skin, they can also affect the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and internal organs.
The clinical signs of RFV infection include the presence of one or several fibromas, which may cause discomfort, itchiness, and impaired movement or vision, depending on the site of the tumor. In severe cases, these fibromas can obstruct vital organs, resulting in secondary health complications and even mortality. It is important to note that RFVs pose no risk to human health, as they are strictly specific to lagomorphs.
Preventing RFV infection involves implementing strict biosecurity measures, such as quarantine protocols and vector control. Vaccination against myxoma virus is available and has been effective in reducing the incidence of fibromatosis in rabbit populations, particularly in regions where this disease is endemic.
