A pulmonary coin lesion refers to an abnormal area or spot found on the lungs, which appears as a round or oval-shaped mass on imaging studies, such as chest X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans. It is also commonly known as a solitary pulmonary nodule.
These solitary nodules are typically smaller than three centimeters in diameter, but can range in size. Pulmonary coin lesions are defined by their radiographic appearance, presenting as a well-defined, solid lesion. While most coin lesions are noncancerous (benign), approximately 25% are malignant, meaning they indicate the presence of lung cancer.
The etiology or cause of pulmonary coin lesions can vary, with several conditions potentially contributing to their development. These can include infectious processes like tuberculosis or fungal infections, inflammation such as sarcoidosis or rheumatoid arthritis, benign tumors, metastases from other cancers, or primary lung malignancies.
The diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary coin lesions involves a variety of tests, aiming to determine the nature of the lesion and provide an accurate diagnosis. This typically includes imaging studies, such as CT scans or positron emission tomography (PET) scans, along with lung function tests and often a biopsy if needed.
Early detection and prompt evaluation of pulmonary coin lesions are essential for proper management and treatment. Depending on the nature of the lesion, treatment options may include surveillance, surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
