A pulmonary cavity, also known as a pulmonary sac, refers to a hollow space or pocket that develops in the lung tissue. It is characterized by an area within the lung that is filled with air or fluid, resulting in an abnormal cavity or sac-like structure.
Pulmonary cavities can form due to various underlying causes, including infections, such as tuberculosis or lung abscesses, lung injuries, or certain lung diseases. These cavities can be single or multiple in number and vary in size.
When caused by infections, pulmonary cavities typically result from the destruction of lung tissue due to the action of specific microorganisms. These microorganisms typically cause inflammation and subsequent tissue damage, resulting in the formation of cavities. In tuberculosis, for example, the bacteria responsible for the disease erode lung tissue, leading to the formation of cavities filled with a mixture of bacteria, immune cells, dead tissue, and fluid.
The presence of pulmonary cavities poses various health risks, including an increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and the potential for the cavities to rupture, leading to further complications. Treatment of pulmonary cavities typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as administering antibiotics for infections or implementing strategies to manage lung diseases. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the cavity or drain fluid.
