Polyhydramnios is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac during pregnancy. It refers to a condition in which the volume of amniotic fluid in the uterus is higher than normal, typically exceeding 2 liters. This condition occurs in approximately 1-2% of pregnancies.
Polyhydramnios is often diagnosed through routine prenatal ultrasound examinations, which measure the depth of amniotic fluid pockets. Symptoms may include rapid growth of the uterus, increased fetal movement, shortness of breath, and abdominal discomfort.
The causes of polyhydramnios can vary and may include fetal abnormalities, such as gastrointestinal or central nervous system defects, twin pregnancies, diabetes in the mother, maternal heart or lung disease, and genetic syndromes. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown.
Polyhydramnios can pose risks to both the mother and the baby. The excessive fluid can lead to preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, or postpartum hemorrhage. Babies may also face complications like preterm birth, umbilical cord prolapse, or intrauterine growth restriction.
Management of polyhydramnios depends on the severity and underlying cause. Treatment may involve medication to reduce amniotic fluid production, draining of excess fluid through amniocentesis or amnioinfusion, or early delivery if complications arise.
Early detection and close monitoring by healthcare professionals are crucial to ensure appropriate management and optimize outcomes for both mother and baby.
