Plasma volume expanders, also known as plasma substitutes, are a group of medical substances used to increase the volume of blood plasma in a patient's circulatory system. Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries cells, proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Plasma volume expanders are commonly employed in medical emergencies, surgeries, and other situations where there is a need to rapidly restore or maintain blood volume.
These substances are specifically designed to mimic the characteristics of plasma, in order to temporarily increase the circulating blood volume and improve blood flow to vital organs. They achieve this by drawing fluid from surrounding tissues into the bloodstream, thereby expanding the plasma compartment. This expansion can help improve heart function, increase oxygen delivery to tissues, and enhance circulation overall.
Plasma volume expanders can be categorized into different types based on their composition. Common examples include synthetic colloids like hydroxyethyl starch and gelatin, as well as albumin, a natural protein found in blood plasma. Some expanders also contain electrolytes to balance fluid and mineral levels within the body.
While these fluids are crucial in medical interventions, it is important to note that their use must be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals. Over-administration or inappropriate use can lead to potential complications such as fluid overload, impaired kidney function, allergic reactions, and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, the administration and dosage of plasma volume expanders should be tailored to each patient's specific needs and closely supervised by qualified medical personnel.
