Pituitary neoplasms, also known as pituitary tumors or adenomas, refer to abnormal growths or masses that develop within the pituitary gland, a small pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. These tumors are typically noncancerous (benign), although in rare cases they can be cancerous (malignant).
Pituitary neoplasms arise due to the uncontrolled division of cells within the pituitary gland. They can be categorized into different types based on their size, behavior, and the types of hormones they produce. The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in the production and regulation of various hormones that control various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. Thus, pituitary neoplasms can disrupt the normal hormonal balance, leading to a wide range of symptoms.
Common symptoms of pituitary neoplasms include headaches, vision problems, hormonal imbalances (such as abnormal menstrual periods, infertility, or sexual dysfunction), fatigue, weight changes, and mood disturbances. The specific symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the hormones it affects.
Diagnosis of pituitary neoplasms involves a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, symptoms, and physical examination. Additional diagnostic tests may include blood hormone level measurements, imaging techniques (such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans), and hormonal stimulation or suppression tests.
Treatment for pituitary neoplasms varies depending on the size, type, and symptoms associated with the tumor. Options may include medical management, surgery, radiation therapy, and occasionally, chemotherapy. Regular monitoring and follow-up are necessary even after successful treatment to ensure the tumor does not grow back or cause
