Photosensitive contact dermatitides refers to a group of skin disorders characterized by an allergic reaction or inflammation of the skin when it comes into contact with certain substances or agents, combined with an increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight or other forms of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The condition is primarily caused by a combination of exposure to specific allergens or irritants in conjunction with exposure to UV radiation.
Common substances that can trigger photosensitive contact dermatitides include perfumes, cosmetics, metals (such as nickel or chromium), plants (like poison ivy or giant hogweed), and certain medications (such as topical antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). When the skin comes into contact with these substances, it may produce an allergic reaction that results in inflammation, redness, itching, and sometimes blisters.
Sunlight or UV radiation can exacerbate the symptoms by inducing a phototoxic or photoallergic reaction, which intensifies the skin's response to the irritant or allergen. This reaction can manifest as severe sunburn, rashes, or eczema-like lesions. Pre-existing skin conditions like atopic dermatitis or eczema may increase an individual's susceptibility to photosensitive contact dermatitides.
Treatment for this condition includes avoiding contact with the triggering allergens or irritants, and taking preventative measures to minimize UV exposure, such as wearing protective clothing, using broad-spectrum sunscreen, and seeking shade. Topical corticosteroids and antihistamines may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms. In some cases, phototherapy or prescription medications may be recommended to desensitize the skin or suppress the immune response.
