Pergamon, also known as Pergamum or Pergamos, is a historical ancient city located in modern-day Turkey. Historically, Pergamon held significant importance as an influential cultural and political center in the Hellenistic period.
In terms of geography, Pergamon is situated in the western part of Anatolia, near the Aegean Sea. It occupied a strategic position atop a hill, surrounded by fertile plains. The city was renowned for its impressive architecture, including the famous Pergamon Altar and the Library of Pergamum, which housed thousands of parchment scrolls.
Pergamon played a substantial role in various historical periods, notably during the Hellenistic era, when it was the capital of the Attalid dynasty. Under the Attalids, Pergamon became a major cultural and intellectual hub, contributing to advancements in fields such as literature, medicine, and sculpture. It also developed a renowned school of sculpture and attracted scholars from all over the Ancient world.
Later, the city came under Roman rule, maintaining its prominence as an economic and cultural center. Pergamon's library rivaled the great Library of Alexandria, with its extensive collection of valuable texts. In fact, the term "parchment" is derived from the name Pergamon, as it was here that this material was first produced.
Today, Pergamon’s archaeological remains serve as significant evidence of its rich history and cultural contributions. The ruins of the city are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting tourists interested in ancient history and architecture.
