Patellula is a taxonomic genus of small, cup-shaped fungi belonging to the family Pyronemataceae, within the order Pezizales. The term refers to a group of ascomycetes characterized by their distinctive fruiting bodies, which resemble shallow discs or saucers with a central depression called the "excipulum." This genus primarily comprises cup fungi that are terrestrial and mycorrhizal, meaning they form symbiotic associations with the roots of certain plants.
The Patellula fungi are typically found growing on the forest floor, particularly in deciduous woodlands, and they typically occur alone or scattered in small groups. Their fruiting bodies range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. The outer surface of the cup-shaped structure is smooth and may exhibit various shades of colors, such as pale yellow, creamy white, or brown, often with a lighter-colored margin.
The inner surface of the cup, or the "excipulum," is usually pale or white and may have a slightly wrinkled texture. Within these cups, tiny flask-shaped structures called "asci" develop, each containing eight spores. The spores are typically elliptical or ovoid in shape, and their color may vary from white to pale brown.
The genus Patellula has been studied for its taxonomic classification, ecological role, and potential medicinal properties. However, further research is needed to explore their specific functions within ecosystems and to fully comprehend their ecological importance.
