Patellas are an anatomical term referring to the small, flat, and round bones found in the front of the knee joint. Also known as kneecaps, these patellas play a crucial role in the proper functioning and stability of the knee joint. They serve as a protective covering for the knee joint, shielding it from potential injuries and impacts.
The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone, meaning it develops within a tendon. It is situated in the extensor mechanism of the lower limb, specifically embedded within the patellar tendon. This positioning enables the patella to enhance the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles, which are responsible for leg extension.
Structurally, the patella is characterized by a convex anterior surface and a flat posterior surface. It exhibits superior, inferior, lateral, and medial borders, forming a roughly triangular shape. The apex of the patella points downwards, while the base points upwards. The superior surface of the kneecap is covered by articular cartilage, aiding in smooth movement within the knee joint.
During activities involving leg movements, the patella acts as a fulcrum for the quadriceps muscles, enabling efficient transmission of forces and increasing their mechanical advantage. This facilitates movements such as walking, running, jumping, and climbing, as well as stabilizing the knee joint during weight-bearing activities.
In summary, the patellas are small round bones located in the front of the knee joint, aiding in knee stability and leg movement.
