Parvoviridae, also known as the Parvovirus family, is a family of small, non-enveloped viruses that infect a wide range of animal species, including mammals and birds. The name "Parvoviridae" is derived from the Latin word "parvus," meaning small, which accurately describes their size compared to other viruses.
Members of the Parvoviridae family are characterized by their single-stranded DNA genome, which is approximately 4-6 kilobases in length. These viruses are unable to replicate in the absence of dividing host cells, as their replication is dependent on the host cell's DNA replication machinery. Parvoviridae viruses have an icosahedral capsid, which protects the genetic material within.
Parvoviridae viruses are responsible for a variety of diseases in animals. For example, in humans, one well-known member of this family is Parvovirus B19 which causes a common childhood infection known as fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum. In animals, Parvoviridae include canine parvovirus, which affects dogs, and feline panleukopenia virus, which affects cats.
These viruses are transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated objects, or less commonly, through the placenta in the case of congenital infections. Symptoms of infection can vary depending on the specific virus and the host species, but they may include fever, rash, respiratory symptoms, and gastrointestinal issues.
In summary, Parvoviridae is a family of small, single-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of animals, including humans. They can cause various diseases and are transmitted through direct contact or contaminated objects.
