Paralinguistics (/ˌpærəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/) refers to nonverbal communication that accompanies spoken language, such as tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language. The word is spelled as "p-a-r-a-l-i-n-g-u-i-s-t-i-c-s", with emphasis on the second syllable. The "para" prefix indicates something that is "alongside" or "beside" the language, like how paralegal works alongside a lawyer. The "linguistics" portion of the word refers to the scientific study of language and its structure.
Paralinguistics refers to the non-verbal elements of communication that complement and enhance spoken language. It encompasses various aspects of vocal communication such as tone of voice, pitch, rhythm, pauses, volume, and the use of vocal fillers like "um" and "uh." Paralinguistic cues play a crucial role in conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions, as well as in expressing emphasis and meaning.
The study of paralinguistics focuses on understanding the different ways in which individuals use their voices to communicate beyond the words they use. It examines how these vocal cues can shape and influence the interpretation of verbal messages. For example, a soft tone of voice can convey intimacy or vulnerability, while a loud, forceful voice may suggest anger or authority.
Paralinguistics also encompasses non-verbal elements that are not directly related to vocal communication, such as body language, facial expressions, and gestures. These non-verbal cues can provide additional information and context to the spoken message. For instance, a nod of the head can signal agreement or understanding, while crossed arms may indicate defensiveness or disagreement.
Understanding paralinguistics is essential for effective communication, as it helps bridge potential gaps between the intended message and its interpretation. By paying attention to these non-verbal elements, individuals can enhance their understanding of others, improve their own communication skills, and ensure clearer and more accurate exchanges of information and emotions.
The word "paralinguistics" is derived from the combination of two terms: "para-" and "linguistics".
1. "Para-" is a prefix derived from the Greek word "pará" (παρά), meaning "beside" or "alongside". In English, it is commonly used to indicate something that is related to, auxiliary to, or supplementary to the main concept or subject.
2. "Linguistics" is the scientific study of language, including its structure, sounds, meaning, and social context.
Therefore, "paralinguistics" refers to the study of nonverbal communication, which includes vocal qualities, gestures, facial expressions, body language, and other vocal and visual cues that complement and enhance verbal language. The term was first coined in the mid-20th century, combining the concept of supplementary communication with the field of linguistics.