OXIDATIVE STRESS Meaning and
Definition
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Oxidative stress is a physiological condition characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system in the body. ROS are highly reactive molecules that are formed as natural byproducts of cellular metabolism or upon exposure to environmental stressors like pollution, radiation, or toxins. While ROS have essential roles in cellular signaling and immune response, excess production can lead to oxidative stress, causing damage to cell structures such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.
The body's antioxidant defense system includes enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as molecules like vitamins C and E. These antioxidants work by neutralizing ROS or repairing oxidative damage to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, when ROS production overwhelms the antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress occurs.
Oxidative stress has been implicated in various chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and aging. It can contribute to the development and progression of these conditions by promoting inflammation, DNA mutations, impaired cellular function, and cell death. Measurement of oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels, can serve as indicators of the body's oxidative balance.
Strategies to mitigate oxidative stress include adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, regular exercise, stress reduction techniques, and avoiding exposure to environmental toxins. Additionally, dietary supplements or medications targeting oxidative stress may be recommended in specific cases.
Common Misspellings for OXIDATIVE STRESS
- ixidative stress
- kxidative stress
- lxidative stress
- pxidative stress
- 0xidative stress
- 9xidative stress
- ozidative stress
- ocidative stress
- odidative stress
- osidative stress
- oxudative stress
- oxjdative stress
- oxkdative stress
- oxodative stress
- ox9dative stress
- ox8dative stress
- oxisative stress
- oxixative stress
- oxicative stress
- oxifative stress
Etymology of OXIDATIVE STRESS
The word "oxidative" originates from the term "oxidation", which refers to a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of a substance. "Stress" pertains to a state of strain or tension. Therefore, "oxidative stress" is a combination of these two terms. It describes the physiological imbalance that emerges when there is an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cellular damage and potential harm to the body. The prefix "oxidative" highlights the involvement of oxidation reactions, while "stress" emphasizes the detrimental impact caused by this imbalance in the body.
