Ovarian interstitial cells, also known as interstitial cells of the ovary or interstitial cells of Cajal, are specialized cells found in the interstitial tissue or stroma of the ovary. These cells play a crucial role in the functioning of the female reproductive system.
Ovarian interstitial cells are responsible for the production and secretion of various hormones. They primarily produce and release androgens, specifically testosterone and androstenedione. Androgens are a class of hormones that are primarily associated with male sexual characteristics. However, in females, these hormones are also important for the proper functioning of the reproductive system.
The production and secretion of androgens by the ovarian interstitial cells are regulated by various hormones released by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, collectively known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. They respond to the luteinizing hormone (LH) released by the pituitary gland, which stimulates them to synthesize and release androgens.
The androgens synthesized by the ovarian interstitial cells have diverse functions. They are essential for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics and are involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Moreover, androgens are also converted into estrogens, such as estradiol, by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, which are crucial for the maturation of oocytes and preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.
In summary, ovarian interstitial cells are specialized cells found in the interstitial tissue of the ovary that produce and secrete androgens, which are vital for the normal functioning of the female reproductive system.
