An oral ulcer is a localized, open sore or lesion that appears on the mucous membranes of the mouth. It is characterized by a loss of epithelial tissue, resulting in a shallow, painful wound. Oral ulcers can occur in various areas of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, and inside the cheeks.
These ulcers are commonly known as canker sores or aphthous ulcers. They can be caused by a range of factors, such as stress, injury to the oral tissues, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, certain medications, and autoimmune diseases. In some cases, the exact cause of oral ulcers remains unknown.
The appearance of oral ulcers can vary, but they typically present as round or oval-shaped sores with a whitish or yellowish center surrounded by a red halo. They can be quite painful, especially when eating, drinking, or speaking. In most cases, oral ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks, but larger or more persistent ulcers may require medical treatment.
Treatment options for oral ulcers may include over-the-counter oral gels or ointments for pain relief, antimicrobial mouthwashes to prevent infection, and topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding irritating or spicy foods can also help alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
In summary, an oral ulcer is a sore or lesion in the mouth characterized by a loss of epithelial tissue. These ulcers can be painful and have various causes, but they typically heal within one to two weeks with or without treatment.
