Oral herpes, also known as herpes labialis or cold sores, is a contagious viral infection characterized by the presence of sores or blisters on or around the mouth. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and is one of the most common infections affecting humans.
Upon initial infection, HSV-1 remains dormant in nerve cells near the facial nerves, particularly the trigeminal ganglion. However, certain triggers, such as stress, hormonal changes, weakened immune system, sunlight, or fever, can reactivate the virus, leading to the manifestation of oral herpes symptoms.
The primary symptoms of oral herpes include the development of small fluid-filled blisters or sores on the lips, mouth, gums, or inside the mouth. These lesions can be painful or discomforting, causing tingling or burning sensations before they appear. Additionally, oral herpes may bring about flu-like symptoms, including fever, sore throat, muscle aches, or swollen lymph nodes.
Oral herpes is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected oral secretions or lesions, such as kissing, sharing utensils, or touching the affected area. The virus can also spread through oral-genital contact, mainly via oral sex.
While there is no cure for oral herpes, symptoms can be managed through antiviral medications to reduce the duration and severity of outbreaks. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding triggers, and taking precautions to prevent transmission are crucial steps in managing oral herpes and reducing the risk of spreading the virus to others.
