Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is a benign, viral-induced mucosal lesion that occurs in the oral cavity. It is characterized by white, corrugated, and often hairy-like patches on the lateral borders of the tongue, although it may also appear on the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, or palate.
OHL is primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which results in a proliferation of squamous epithelial cells in the affected areas. This condition usually occurs in individuals who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
The clinical manifestations of OHL can vary from mild to severe, but it is generally asymptomatic and painless. Occasionally, patients may experience a burning sensation or discomfort on the affected area. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination, but a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the presence of EBV infection.
Treatment for OHL is not always necessary as it is a self-limiting condition that tends to resolve on its own. However, in cases where the lesions cause pain or discomfort, antiviral medications such as acyclovir or valacyclovir may be prescribed to reduce viral replication and alleviate symptoms.
It is important to note that OHL is not a premalignant condition, meaning it does not lead to cancer. However, it may indicate underlying immunosuppression, and therefore, regular monitoring and management of the patient's immune status is recommended.
