Oral allergy syndrome (OAS), also known as pollen-food syndrome, is a form of allergic reaction that commonly occurs in individuals who are sensitized to pollen allergens. It is characterized by mild symptoms that develop after consuming certain raw fruits, vegetables, or nuts. OAS typically affects individuals who already have hay fever or other pollen allergies.
The allergic reaction in OAS is triggered by proteins found in certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts that resemble the proteins present in pollens. When a person with pollen allergies consumes these food items, the immune system identifies the similar proteins, leading to cross-reactivity and subsequent allergic symptoms. The most common trigger fruits and vegetables include apples, peaches, plums, carrots, celery, and kiwis.
Symptoms of OAS often manifest quickly after ingestion and are localized to the mouth and throat area. Symptoms may include itching or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat, as well as swelling or inflammation of these areas. In some cases, individuals may also experience mild itching or swelling of the skin around the mouth or in the ear canal. An allergic reaction in OAS is typically limited to the oral cavity and does not cause severe systemic reactions.
Management of OAS involves avoiding the trigger foods in their raw or fresh form. Cooking or heating the food items often denatures the proteins responsible for the allergic reaction, making them safe to consume. Additionally, desensitization measures such as allergen immunotherapy may be recommended in severe cases. It is essential for individuals with OAS to consult with an allergist or healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and guidance on managing their condition.
