Oral cancer is a term used to describe the formation of cancerous cells within the tissues of the oral cavity. It refers to any malignant growth that occurs in the mouth or throat, including the lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, roof, and floor of the mouth, as well as the tonsils and salivary glands.
The development of oral cancer is often associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking tobacco products or using smokeless tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, and certain viral infections like human papillomavirus (HPV). Other risk factors may include a family history of cancer, exposure to certain chemicals or irritants, and prolonged exposure to sunlight on the lips.
The condition usually manifests as a sore or lump that does not heal, a white or red patch on the lining of the mouth, difficulty or pain when swallowing, chronic hoarseness, unexplained bleeding, or persistent earache. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential in increasing the chances of successful recovery.
Diagnosis of oral cancer involves a thorough examination of the mouth and throat, including a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant cells. Treatment options include surgery to remove the cancerous lesion, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods.
Prevention strategies for oral cancer primarily focus on adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining good oral hygiene practices, using sunscreen lip balms, and getting vaccinated against HPV. Regular dental check-ups and oral cancer screenings are also recommended to detect any potential signs or symptoms at an early stage.
