Ocular Larva Migrans is a medical condition characterized by the migration of parasitic larvae within the human eye. It is caused by the infestation of certain parasitic nematodes, typically roundworms, that primarily infect animals, particularly dogs and cats. These nematodes belong to the Toxocara species, specifically Toxocara canis (found in dogs) and Toxocara cati (found in cats).
The condition occurs when the eggs of these parasites are ingested by humans, usually through contact with contaminated soil or by eating undercooked meat that contains the infective eggs. The hatched larvae then travel through the bloodstream and may eventually reach the eye, where they cause damage by migrating through the ocular tissues.
Symptoms of ocular larva migrans may include redness, swelling, and irritation of the eye, along with blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and sometimes severe eye pain. If left untreated, the condition can lead to permanent vision loss.
Diagnosis of ocular larva migrans often involves a comprehensive eye examination, along with additional tests such as blood tests and imaging studies to confirm the presence of migrating larvae in the eye.
Treatment typically involves the use of anti-parasitic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, to kill the larvae and prevent further damage. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair any structural damage caused by the parasites.
Prevention of ocular larva migrans involves practicing good hygiene, washing hands thoroughly after contact with soil or animals, and avoiding the consumption of undercooked or raw meat. Pet owners should ensure their animals are regularly dewormed and that they practice proper disposal of animal feces to minimize the risk of infestation.
