Ocular infections refer to a range of infectious disorders that affect the structures of the eye or surrounding tissues. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and can occur in various parts of the eye, including the eyelids, conjunctiva (the thin, clear layer covering the white part of the eye and inside of the eyelids), cornea (the transparent front part of the eye), or the tissues surrounding the eye.
Symptoms of ocular infections may include redness, itching, pain, discharge, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and swelling of the eyelids or conjunctiva. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the type and extent of the infection.
Common types of ocular infections include conjunctivitis (commonly known as pink eye), which is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva; blepharitis, an infection of the eyelid margins; keratitis, an infection of the cornea; or orbital cellulitis, an infection of the tissues surrounding the eye.
Ocular infections can be transmitted through direct contact with infectious individuals, contaminated hands or objects, or by exposure to infected respiratory droplets. Risk factors for ocular infections include poor hygiene, close contact with infected individuals, use of contaminated cosmetics or contact lenses, and certain underlying medical conditions.
Diagnosis of ocular infections typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, evaluation of symptoms, and laboratory testing, which may include cultures or molecular tests to identify the causative organism. Treatment may involve the use of topical or oral antibiotics, antiviral medications, or antifungal agents, depending on the type and severity of the infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to treat complications or persistent infections.
