Nephrotic is an adjective used in medical terminology that refers to a condition or state characterized by the abnormal functioning of the kidneys, specifically the glomeruli. The term is derived from the word "nephron," which is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood, and "ot(ic)," a suffix indicating a condition or state.
When an individual is described as nephrotic, it means that their kidneys are not functioning properly, leading to an excessive loss of protein through the urine. This condition is typically caused by damage to the glomeruli, which results in increased permeability, allowing proteins to pass through and be excreted. The loss of protein can lead to edema or swelling, particularly in the legs, ankles, and around the eyes.
Common symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome include fluid retention, decreased urine output, fatigue, and unexplained weight gain. If left untreated, nephrotic syndrome can lead to complications such as infections, blood clotting abnormalities, and nutritional deficiencies.
Treatment for nephrotic syndrome often involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. This may include medication to reduce protein loss, diuretics to alleviate edema, and dietary changes to control blood pressure and fluid balance.
In summary, the term nephrotic describes a medical condition characterized by abnormal kidney function, leading to excessive loss of protein in the urine and resulting symptoms such as edema and fatigue.
