Mycobacterium intracellulare infections, also known as M. intracellulare disease or MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections, are a type of bacterial infection caused by the bacteria species Mycobacterium intracellulare. These infections primarily affect individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, advanced cancer, or individuals undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
M. intracellulare is a slow-growing, non-tuberculous bacteria that is often found in the environment, particularly in water and soil. It is closely related to another species called Mycobacterium avium, and both species can cause similar symptoms and infections.
In individuals with weakened immune systems, M. intracellulare can cause a wide range of illnesses, including lung infections, lymph node disease, bone marrow infections, skin and soft tissue infections, as well as disseminated infections that can affect multiple organs. Symptoms can vary depending on the site of infection, but common symptoms include persistent cough, shortness of breath, fever, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats.
Diagnosis of M. intracellulare infections requires laboratory testing, such as culturing the bacteria from clinical samples or using molecular techniques to detect its genetic material. Treatment typically involves a combination of antimicrobial medications, usually a combination of antibiotics such as clarithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin. The duration of treatment can last for several months or even years, depending on the severity of the infection and the response to therapy.
Overall, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing M. intracellulare infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, to minimize complications and improve outcomes.
