Mycobacterium intracellulare infection, also known as M. intracellulare disease or Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, is a bacterial infection caused by the Mycobacterium intracellulare bacterium. This type of infection is part of a group of closely related infections caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex, which also includes Mycobacterium avium infection.
Mycobacterium intracellulare is a slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium that is commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and water sources. It can infect humans and animals, causing a variety of clinical manifestations.
In humans, Mycobacterium intracellulare infection primarily affects individuals with a weakened immune system, such as people living with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, or individuals with chronic lung diseases. It commonly presents as a respiratory infection, with symptoms that may include chronic cough, fatigue, fever, weight loss, and night sweats. However, it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the skin, lymph nodes, or bones.
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium intracellulare infection often involves a combination of laboratory tests, including culture and genetic testing of the bacteria, as well as imaging studies and clinical evaluation of symptoms. Treatment typically involves a multidrug antibiotic regimen tailored to the individual patient's needs, which may require months or even years of therapy.
Overall, Mycobacterium intracellulare infection is a chronic and potentially severe bacterial infection that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, requiring prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent further complications.
