Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection, also known as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, is a bacterial infection caused by the species of mycobacteria known as Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. These bacteria are typically found in soil, water, and dust particles, making them widespread in nature.
MAI infection primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, advanced cancer, or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. It can also occur in people with underlying lung diseases like bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The bacteria can invade various organs and tissues in the body, most commonly the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes.
Symptoms of MAI infection can vary depending on the organs involved, but commonly include fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, persistent cough, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it can lead to severe lung damage, disseminated infections, or death if left untreated.
Diagnosis of MAI infection is often challenging due to its slow growth and resemblance to other mycobacterial infections. It usually requires multiple samples and specialized laboratory tests for accurate identification.
Treating MAI infection involves combination antibiotic therapy for an extended period, often lasting for several months to years. Medications such as clarithromycin, azithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin are commonly used. Additionally, maintaining a healthy immune system is crucial in managing and preventing recurrence of MAI infection.
Overall, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare is a bacterial infection that predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, causing a wide range of symptoms and requiring prolonged treatment
