Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, commonly known as MAI or MAC, is a species of bacteria that belongs to the genus Mycobacterium. It is a pathogenic organism that can cause a range of infections in humans and animals. MAI is classified as a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and is commonly found in environmental sources such as water, soil, and dust.
MAI is an intracellular bacterium, meaning it has the ability to invade and replicate within host cells. It primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, or individuals with certain lung diseases. MAI infections typically present as pulmonary disease, but can also affect other organs such as the lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, and spleen.
Symptoms of MAI infection may include fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, fever, and persistent cough. Diagnosis usually involves isolation of the bacteria from clinical samples, such as sputum or tissue samples, followed by further laboratory testing to confirm the identification of MAI.
Treatment for MAI infections often involves a combination of antibiotics, as the bacteria can be resistant to certain drugs. The duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's immune status.
It is important to note that MAI is not contagious and does not spread easily from person to person. Precautions such as maintaining good hygiene and avoiding exposure to environmental sources of the bacteria can help reduce the risk of infection.
