Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis (MEA), also known as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple tumors in the endocrine glands. It is typically an autosomal dominant condition, meaning that an individual can inherit the genetic mutation from one affected parent.
MEA affects different endocrine glands, including the pancreas, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands. The presence of tumors in these glands leads to the overproduction of various hormones, which can cause a range of symptoms and complications.
The specific subtypes of MEN include MEN1, MEN2A, and MEN2B. MEN1 is characterized by tumors in the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland, leading to overproduction of parathyroid hormone, insulin, and growth hormone respectively. MEN2A and MEN2B are associated with tumors in the adrenal glands and thyroid gland. MEN2A specifically involves medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytomas, while MEN2B is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytomas, and neuromas.
The symptoms of MEA can vary depending on the specific subtype and the affected glands. Common symptoms may include abdominal pain, kidney stones, high blood pressure, bone fractures, growth abnormalities, and hormonal imbalances.
Diagnosis of MEA typically involves physical examinations, family history analysis, hormone level testing, imaging tests (such as CT scans or MRI), and genetic testing to identify the specific mutation causing the condition.
Treatment options for MEA depend on the affected glands and the severity of symptoms. These may include medications, surgery to remove tumors, and hormone replacement therapy. Regular monitoring and close follow-up are necessary to manage the condition effectively
