Multiple enchondroma refers to a medical condition characterized by the presence of several enchondromas, which are benign cartilaginous tumors that typically occur in the bones of the hands and feet. Enchondromas are caused by an abnormal growth of cartilage within the bone, leading to the development of small, usually painless tumors.
In the case of multiple enchondroma, an individual may have multiple enchondromas throughout their body, affecting multiple bones. These tumors usually arise during childhood or adolescence and may continue to grow slowly over time. Multiple enchondromas can be seen in isolation or occur as part of a genetic disorder called Ollier disease.
The symptoms associated with multiple enchondroma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumors. Common manifestations include bone deformities, shortening of the affected limb, restricted joint movement, and a risk of fractures. In some instances, the tumors may lead to the weakening of the bone, which can result in pathological fractures.
Diagnosis of multiple enchondroma involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. A biopsy may be necessary to confirm the presence of enchondromas and exclude the possibility of other conditions.
Treatment options for multiple enchondroma depend on the individual's symptoms, the number and size of tumors, as well as the risk of complications. Conservative management may involve regular monitoring, pain management, and physical therapy. Surgical interventions, such as tumor removal or bone grafting, may be considered in cases with severe pain, bone deformation, or high risk of fractures.
