Migraine without aura, also known as common migraine or migraine without prodrome, is a neurological condition characterized by recurring episodes of moderate to severe headaches. It is one of the two main subtypes of migraines, the other being "migraine with aura." However, unlike migraines with aura, individuals experiencing migraines without aura do not exhibit any warning signs or distinct sensory disturbances (such as visual or auditory disturbances) prior to the onset of headache.
The primary symptom of migraine without aura is a throbbing or pulsating headache, typically localized to one side of the head. Individuals may also experience associated symptoms like nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), sound (phonophobia), or odors. The duration of a migraine attack can vary, lasting anywhere from a few hours to several days, adversely affecting daily activities and overall quality of life.
Although the exact cause of migraines without aura is still unknown, various triggers have been identified, including stress, hormonal changes, certain foods and beverages, lack of sleep, and environmental factors. The condition is thought to result from the activation of neurological pathways and the release of inflammatory substances, which contribute to the enlargement and irritation of blood vessels in the brain.
Management of migraines without aura typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, identifying and avoiding triggers, and medication. Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications, such as triptans, may be recommended to alleviate symptoms or prevent the onset of migraines. In some cases, preventive medications may be prescribed for individuals with frequent or severe attacks.
