Pronunciation: [mˈɪd͡ʒ] (IPA) 
Midge is a term used to describe small flying insects. The spelling of this word is quite straightforward as it is pronounced as /mɪdʒ/. This means that the first syllable is pronounced as ‘mid’ with a short ‘i’ sound and the final syllable is pronounced as ‘ge’ with a soft ‘j’ sound. The word midge is commonly used in the context of outdoor activities such as camping or hiking where these tiny insects can cause annoyance or discomfort.
A midge is a small, delicate fly belonging to the family Chironomidae, commonly found in various environments such as forests, wetlands, and lakes. Measuring only a few millimeters in length, midges are characterized by their long, slender bodies, long antennae, and two pairs of wings covered in scales or hairs, though they typically have weak or non-functional mouths.
These insects can be both beneficial and nuisance depending on the context. Ecologically, many midge species serve as essential elements of food chains, being a significant food source for numerous aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including fish, birds, and spiders. Moreover, midges play crucial roles in pollination and decomposition processes. However, certain species can become major pests, especially in areas near water bodies, as they often form large swarms and can be irritating for humans and livestock due to their habit of swarming around the face, ears, and exposed skin.
Midges generally have short lifespans, with most species living for only a few days or weeks. Their populations typically peak during warmer months, and they are more commonly found near water sources where they lay their eggs. Some species of midges are known to be attracted by sources of light, resulting in their congregation around outdoor lights at night. While they are not known to transmit diseases to humans, their biting can cause discomfort and itching in some individuals.
Generally the common gnat, and such minute insects.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "midge" originated from the Old Norse word "mīða" or "mygg", which means "a gnat" or "a small, biting insect". This term was later adopted into Middle English as "midge" in the 14th century. The word has remained relatively unchanged throughout its history and is still used today to refer to various small, two-winged insects, particularly those belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae, known for their biting behavior.
