PATRIARCHY Meaning and
Definition
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Patriarchy is a social system characterized by the dominance of men in positions of power and authority, both within the family and in broader society. Derived from the Greek words "patria" and "arkhein," meaning "father" and "rule" respectively, patriarchy refers to a hierarchical structure where men hold primary decision-making power and enjoy privileged status. The term typically describes a system where men possess greater control over resources, employment opportunities, education, and cultural and social norms.
In a patriarchal society, gender roles and expectations are often rigid, with men traditionally assigned roles as providers and protectors while women are expected to fulfill domestic duties and prioritize care-giving. These gender norms can create and perpetuate inequalities, restricting opportunities and social mobility for women and other marginalized genders. Patriarchy also influences social institutions, such as government, religion, law, and media, leading to the reinforcement of male dominance and the exclusion or marginalization of women in positions of leadership.
Critics argue that patriarchy perpetuates gender-based discrimination, limits gender equality, and reinforces stereotypes and harmful practices like sexism, misogyny, and gender-based violence. Intersectionality acknowledges that patriarchy can intersect with other systems of oppression, such as racism or ableism, resulting in compounded marginalization for individuals who face multiple forms of discrimination. Some societies, however, have made strides toward dismantling patriarchal structures and achieving greater gender equality by challenging traditional gender norms, promoting policies that support equal opportunities, and empowering women to challenge and change societal power dynamics.
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Etymology of PATRIARCHY
The word "patriarchy" derives from the combination of two Greek roots: "patria", meaning "lineage", "descent", or "family", and "arkhein", meaning "to rule" or "to govern". Hence, the term "patriarchy" essentially translates to "rule by fathers" or "rule by the elders of a family". It refers to a social system or structure in which men hold power and authority, typically within the context of a family or society.
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