Maternally acquired neonatal immunities refer to the transfer of protective substances from a mother to her offspring during pregnancy or through breastfeeding. These substances include antibodies, immune cells, and other factors that help boost the newborn's immune system, providing them with temporary immunity against specific diseases.
During pregnancy, the mother's immune system produces antibodies that can cross the placenta and reach the fetus, offering protection against infections the mother has encountered or been immunized against. This transfer of maternal antibodies provides passive immunity to the newborn, helping to defend against common pathogens until the infant's own immune system becomes fully competent.
Additionally, breastfeeding plays a crucial role in the transmission of maternal immunity. Breast milk contains immunoglobulins, such as IgA, which prevent microbes from adhering to the newborn's mucosal surfaces, reducing the risk of infections.
Maternally acquired neonatal immunities are vital during the first months of life when the infant is most vulnerable to infections. They serve as a crucial defense mechanism until the newborn's own immune system develops and starts producing its antibodies.
However, it is important to note that the duration of these acquired immunities varies for different infections and can range from a few weeks to several months. Thus, it is essential for infants to receive their own vaccinations on schedule to maintain protection as the maternal immunity wanes.
Overall, maternal transfer of immune factors is a remarkable process that helps provide temporary immunity to newborns and supports their well-being during the vulnerable neonatal period.
