MATERNALLY ACQUIRED FETAL IMMUNITIES Meaning and
Definition
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Maternally Acquired Fetal Immunities refer to the natural transfer of antibodies and immune components from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. These immunities are bestowed upon the fetus through the placenta, primarily in the final trimester, and are crucial in providing passive protection against a wide range of diseases early in life.
During pregnancy, the mother's immune system produces antibodies in response to various pathogens, vaccines, or infections she encounters. Through a specialized transport system in the placenta, these antibodies are able to pass from the mother's bloodstream to the fetal circulation. This transfer is essential because the fetal immune system is still immature and unable to produce its own protective responses effectively.
Maternal antibodies can help shield the developing fetus against certain illnesses, including bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that the mother has encountered and developed immunity against. These transferred immunities serve as the first line of defense for the newborn, providing temporary protection until the infant's immune system starts to develop and can generate its own antibodies.
Maternally Acquired Fetal Immunities have been recognized as an essential mechanism for ensuring the survival and health of newborns. However, it is worth noting that the duration of protection varies depending on the specific antibodies transferred and each individual's immune response. As these maternal antibodies gradually wane in the infant's bloodstream, the child becomes increasingly reliant on its own immune system to provide long-term protection. Hence, vaccines are typically administered to stimulate the infant's immune system to produce its own antibodies and acquire immunity against the diseases they are susceptible to.
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