Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) is a severe and often fatal viral infection caused by the Marburg virus (MARV), a member of the Filoviridae family. MHF is characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms, including fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The infection progresses rapidly, leading to a variety of severe symptoms such as bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation, organ failure, shock, and multiple system dysfunction.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The virus that causes MHF is believed to originate from fruit bats, which act as natural reservoirs, and can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or tissues, or through exposure to contaminated surfaces or materials. Human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings or through close contact with infected individuals.
MHF has a high mortality rate, typically ranging from 20% to 90%, with no specific antiviral treatment currently available. Supportive care, including fluid management and treatment of complications, is the mainstay of therapy. Strict isolation precautions are necessary to prevent the spread of the virus. Experimental vaccines and treatments are under investigation but have not yet been approved for general use.
Given its potential for rapid spread, high mortality rate, and absence of specific treatment, Marburg hemorrhagic fever is considered a serious public health concern that requires immediate recognition, containment, and management to prevent outbreaks and protect public health.
