Mangonels (/'mæŋɡənəlz/) is a medieval military catapult used for hurling heavy stones and other projectiles. The spelling of the word "mangonels" is derived from its Latin origin "mangonella." The first syllable "man-" is pronounced with the vowel sound of "æ" as in "cat." The second syllable "-go-" uses the sound of "əʊ" as in "goat." The final syllable "-nels" is pronounced with the vowel sound of "e" as in "bed." Putting these sounds together makes it "mæŋɡənəlz."
Mangonels are military devices used during the Middle Ages to launch projectiles such as stones, fireballs, or arrows over walls or fortifications. They were early forms of catapults and are considered siege engines.
Typically, mangonels consisted of a large wooden frame with a long arm or beam attached to a sturdy base. The arm was often made of a flexible material, such as rope or leather, to store energy for launching the projectile. One end of the arm would be loaded with the projectile while the other end was pulled back and held in place by tension.
To operate a mangonel, soldiers would release the tension, causing the arm to rapidly swing forward. This sudden release of stored energy launched the projectile with great force and accuracy towards the desired target. The range and power of a mangonel depended on the size and weight of the projectile, as well as the strength and skill of the operators.
Mangonels were widely used during sieges to break down defensive walls, towers, or gates. They were effective in creating breaches in fortifications, allowing invading armies to enter and conquer enemy territory. While mangonels were primarily used for military purposes, they were also employed in naval warfare to attack enemy ships.
Throughout history, mangonels have played a significant role in warfare, showcasing the ingenuity and engineering capabilities of earlier civilizations. Today, mangonel replicas can be found in museums or reenactment events, allowing people to understand and appreciate the methods and weaponry of medieval warfare.
The word "mangonels" has its origins in medieval Latin. It comes from the Medieval Latin term "mangonellus", which was a diminutive form of "mangona". "Mangona" was the name given to a type of military engine or siege weapon used during the Middle Ages. The term "mangona" itself is believed to have stemmed from the Late Latin word "mangonare", meaning "to handle or throw a stone". Eventually, the word "mangonellus" evolved into "mangonels", which became the common English term for these types of siege engines.