Male genital tuberculosis refers to a specific form of tuberculosis (TB) infection that affects the male reproductive system. TB is a chronic and contagious infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it is commonly associated with pulmonary TB, where the lungs are primarily affected, it can also spread to other parts of the body, including the male genital tract.
Male genital tuberculosis typically occurs as a result of the bacteria spreading from another affected site, such as the lungs or lymph nodes, through the blood or lymphatic system to the reproductive organs. It primarily affects the epididymis (the tube located behind the testicles that carries and stores sperm) and the vas deferens (the tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra). However, it can also involve the prostate, seminal vesicles, and testicles.
Symptoms of male genital tuberculosis may vary but commonly include pain or discomfort in the scrotum or testicles, swelling, abscesses or fistulas in the genital region, blood in semen, infertility, and occasionally erectile dysfunction. Diagnosis usually involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan, and laboratory analysis of infected tissues or secretions.
Treatment for male genital tuberculosis typically involves a combination of anti-TB medications for an extended period, usually six to nine months, or even longer in severe cases. Surgical intervention may be required in certain situations, such as the presence of abscesses or blockages in the reproductive tract. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications, disruptions to fertility, and the transmission of the infection to sexual partners.
