Male genital tuberculosis refers to a rare but serious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, affecting the male genital organs. It is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that specifically targets the male reproductive system. The bacteria spreads through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, reaching the genital organs and leading to the development of tuberculous lesions.
This condition primarily affects the epididymis, which is a small, coiled tube located at the back of the testicle that carries and stores sperm. However, it can also involve other parts of the male reproductive system, such as the testicles, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens. The infection can cause inflammation, scarring, and blockages in these areas, leading to impaired reproductive function.
There are various symptoms associated with male genital tuberculosis, including pain or discomfort in the scrotum, testicular swelling, lumps or nodules, infertility, and sometimes urinary symptoms. These symptoms can appear gradually over time and may be mistaken for other conditions, delaying diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis of male genital tuberculosis involves a combination of patient history, clinical examination, imaging tests (such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging), and laboratory analysis of seminal fluid or tissue samples. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of anti-tuberculosis medications, which may need to be combined with surgical intervention in severe cases.
If left untreated, male genital tuberculosis can lead to chronic pain, infertility, and complications such as abscess formation or fistulas. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing this condition effectively.
