The word "Likin" is a historical tax levied in China during the late Qing Dynasty. Its spelling is derived from the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of the word "Lijin" (利金). In IPA phonetic transcription, it would be pronounced as /liː dʒɪn/. The initial "L" sound is pronounced with the tip of the tongue touching the alveolar ridge behind the upper front teeth. The "i" sound is a combination of the vowel sounds /i/ and /ɪ/, while the "j" sound is pronounced as a soft "zh" sound, like the "s" in "measure".
Likin is a term that refers to a type of tax or duty imposed on goods transported within a certain region or jurisdiction, predominantly in China during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Specifically, likin was a form of internal customs duty levied on both domestic and imported goods passing through provincial boundaries or along river and road transport routes. The tax was typically collected at specified checkpoints or barrier stations by local governmental officials.
The term likin is derived from the Chinese words li (meaning "to establish" or "to impose") and kin (meaning "customs" or "duty"). Likin was established as a means to generate revenue for local government administrations, and it was characterized by its inherently arbitrary nature, varying tax rates, and corruption among officials involved in its collection.
Likin was often criticized for its negative effects on trade and commerce, as it increased the cost of goods and hindered transportation efficiency. It also generated resentment among merchants, who viewed it as a burdensome tax that impeded economic growth and development. Eventually, likin was officially abolished in China in 1931 as part of sweeping fiscal reforms undertaken by the Nationalist government.
The word "likin" has an interesting etymology. It originated from the Chinese term "li jin" (里金) which literally means "internal revenue" or "tax within a jurisdiction". The concept of "likin" was introduced during the Qing dynasty in China (1644-1912).
During that time, likin was a form of internal tax levied on goods circulating within specific jurisdictions. It was collected at various points along trade routes, such as toll gates and barriers, and its purpose was to support local governance and infrastructure development.
The term "likin" traveled to the Western world through trading and diplomatic interactions with China. It gradually entered the English language, initially referring to the specific Chinese taxation system. However, over time, likin also came to be used more generally to refer to any type of internal tax or duty.