Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and determining the fate of various cell types in the body. It is primarily produced by immune cells, such as T-cells and macrophages, but can also be secreted by other cell types, including embryonic stem cells and certain tumors.
LIF functions by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, collectively known as LIF receptors. These receptors consist of a binding subunit called LIFR and a signaling subunit called gp130. Upon binding, LIF triggers a series of intracellular signaling pathways that ultimately affect gene expression and cellular responses.
The effects of LIF are diverse and context-dependent. In certain situations, LIF promotes cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, particularly in embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. It is involved in regulating the immune response by promoting the production of certain white blood cells.
Additionally, LIF has been implicated in embryo implantation and maintaining pregnancy by preventing the differentiation and shedding of the uterine lining. It also plays a role in nerve cell development, inflammation, and wound healing.
Due to its multifaceted functions, LIF has been studied extensively in various medical fields, including cancer research, regenerative medicine, and reproductive biology. Researchers continue to explore its potential therapeutic applications, such as promoting tissue regeneration and suppressing tumor growth.
