Leukaemia is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature or malfunctioning white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is a type of cancer that primarily affects the body's ability to produce healthy blood cells.
In a healthy individual, the bone marrow produces white blood cells that play a vital role in defending against infections and diseases. However, in leukaemia, there is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal white blood cells, often called leukaemic cells or blasts. These immature cells are faulty and crowd out the normal cells, resulting in a decline in the production of red blood cells, platelets, and healthy white blood cells.
Leukaemia can be classified into various forms, including acute and chronic types, depending on the rapidity of its development and progression. Symptoms may vary depending on the type, but common signs of leukaemia may include fatigue, frequent infections, weakness, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and easy bruising or bleeding.
Treatment for leukaemia often involves a combination of therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment plan depends on the type and stage of leukaemia, as well as individual factors. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial for managing leukaemia, and advancements in medical science have improved the prognosis for many patients with this condition.
