Islet cell tumor, also known as neuroendocrine tumor or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, refers to an abnormal growth or neoplasm that arises from the specialized hormone-producing cells of the pancreas called islet cells. Islet cells are primarily responsible for producing and releasing various hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, which help regulate blood sugar levels in the body.
Islet cell tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Benign islet cell tumors are usually stationary, grow slowly, and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant islet cell tumors, on the other hand, have the potential to spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, and other organs, leading to metastasis.
The signs and symptoms of islet cell tumors depend on the specific hormone produced by the tumor cells. However, common symptoms may include abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, diarrhea, flushed skin, hormonal imbalances (e.g., hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia), and digestive issues.
Diagnosis of islet cell tumors involves medical imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), along with blood tests to assess hormone levels. Biopsy may be performed to confirm the type and stage of the tumor.
Treatment options for islet cell tumors depend on several factors, such as tumor size, location, stage, and whether it has metastasized. Treatments may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy. The prognosis for islet cell tumors varies depending on the stage and extent of the disease, but early detection and appropriate treatment can greatly
