An invasive hydatidiform mole, often referred to as invasive mole or invasive mole gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, is a rare abnormality that occurs during pregnancy. It is characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblastic cells, which are responsible for the formation of the placenta. This condition is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
In an invasive hydatidiform mole, the trophoblastic cells penetrate deep into the uterine wall and grow abnormally. This invasive behavior differentiates it from a complete or partial hydatidiform mole, in which the cells remain confined to the uterus. The invasive mole can invade structures such as the blood vessels, muscle layers, and other adjacent tissues, leading to potential complications.
Common symptoms of an invasive hydatidiform mole include irregular vaginal bleeding, abnormally enlarged uterus, and elevated levels of the pregnancy hormone (hCG). It can sometimes result in the absence of fetal development or fetal demise.
Diagnosis is typically made through imaging techniques such as ultrasound, which may reveal characteristic features such as an enlarged uterus with irregular masses. Additionally, laboratory tests such as hCG measurements assist in confirming the diagnosis.
Treatment for an invasive hydatidiform mole generally involves the removal of the abnormal growth through surgical intervention, such as dilation and curettage, hysterectomy, or chemotherapy. Follow-up care, including regular monitoring of hCG levels, is crucial to detect any signs of recurrence or complications.
Overall, an invasive hydatidiform mole is a rare and potentially serious condition characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblastic cells within the uterine wall during pregnancy. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for the well-being of the affected individual.
