The internal iliac artery, also known as the hypogastric artery, is a major blood vessel located in the pelvis region of the body. It is one of the two branches of the common iliac artery, which divides into the internal and external iliac arteries at the level of the pelvic brim.
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, including the reproductive organs such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina in females, and the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis in males. Additionally, it provides blood to other important structures in the pelvis, including the gluteal muscles, pelvic wall, and certain parts of the buttocks.
This artery branches out into several smaller arteries that have specific functions. One of its main branches, the superior gluteal artery, supplies blood to the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae muscles in the buttocks. The umbilical artery, another branch, is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the developing fetus during pregnancy. In females, the uterine artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, plays a crucial role in providing blood to the uterus and supporting reproductive functions.
Overall, the internal iliac artery is vital for maintaining the blood supply to numerous pelvic structures, ensuring their proper functioning and health.
