The internal iliac vein is a major blood vessel located in the pelvic region of the body. It is one of the two terminal branches of the common iliac vein, the other being the external iliac vein, and is responsible for draining blood from various structures within the pelvis.
The internal iliac vein arises near the sacroiliac joint by the convergence of multiple tributaries, including the iliolumbar vein, lateral sacral veins, superior gluteal vein, and others. It courses downward and merges with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein on each side of the body.
Functionally, the internal iliac vein assists in the return of oxygen-depleted blood from the organs and tissues within the pelvis, including the bladder, rectum, pelvic muscles, uterus, prostate gland, and reproductive organs. It plays a crucial role in maintaining proper circulation and facilitating the removal of waste products and carbon dioxide from these structures.
In addition, the internal iliac vein is responsible for carrying nutrient-rich blood to various organs within the pelvis, including the ovaries, testes, and parts of the gastrointestinal system. This venous network within the pelvis allows for efficient transport of blood to support the metabolic needs of these vital structures.
