Influenza C virus is a type of respiratory virus that belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. It is responsible for causing flu-like illnesses in humans, predominantly affecting the respiratory system. Influenza C virus is distinct from the more well-known influenza A and B viruses, as it is less common and generally causes milder symptoms.
This virus is classified as a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus. It has a segmented genome and is enveloped by a lipid membrane. Like other influenza viruses, Influenza C virus is characterized by its ability to undergo genetic changes through antigenic drift, which enables it to constantly evolve and potentially circumvent immunity developed from previous infections or vaccinations.
Influenza C virus primarily targets epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as cough, nasal congestion, sore throat, and mild fever. While the symptoms are similar to those caused by other influenza viruses, the illness caused by Influenza C virus is generally milder and less likely to lead to severe complications or mortality.
In terms of epidemiology, Influenza C virus is less prevalent than influenza A and B viruses and is commonly associated with sporadic cases or small outbreaks. It typically circulates year-round but becomes more prevalent during the winter months. Influenza C virus infections can occur in individuals of all age groups, but children and young adults are more commonly affected.
Prevention and management of Influenza C virus infections involve supportive care, such as rest, adequate hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms. Vaccination against Influenza C virus is not currently available, as the focus of influenza immunization efforts primarily targets influenza A and B strains that cause more severe illnesses.
