Influenza B virus refers to a type of virus that belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, specifically the genus Influenzavirus B. It is one of the three main types of influenza viruses that cause flu-like symptoms in humans. Influenza B virus is responsible for seasonal flu outbreaks that occur annually, usually in the winter months.
This virus is characterized by its genetic variability, which makes it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Influenza B virus mainly affects humans and seals, unlike Influenza A virus, which infects various species, including humans, birds, and pigs. However, it can still cause outbreaks and contribute to the global burden of influenza-related illnesses.
Influenza B virus can be transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets produced when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks. Once inhaled, the virus attaches to the respiratory epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract, leading to infection. The infected person may experience symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue, and nasal congestion. In some cases, it can also lead to severe complications, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, the elderly, and young children.
Prevention of Influenza B virus infections involves annual vaccination, as the virus undergoes periodic antigenic changes, rendering previous immunity less effective. Antiviral medications can be prescribed for those at high risk of complications or those already infected to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.
