Immunological cytotoxicity test, also known as the cytotoxicity assay, is a laboratory technique used to measure the ability of the immune system to destroy specific target cells. It is a valuable tool in immunological research and clinical diagnostics, particularly in the study of cell-mediated immune responses.
In this test, target cells, often cancer cells or virus-infected cells, are incubated with effector cells (such as natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, or monocytes) in the presence of specific antibodies. These antibodies bind to antigens expressed on the surface of the target cells, marking them for destruction by the effector cells.
The level of cytotoxicity is determined by assessing cell death or damage. This can be done using various techniques, such as flow cytometry, microscopic examination, or release of radioactive isotopes from the target cells. The percentage of target cell death or damage is calculated, representing the cytotoxic activity of the effector cells.
Immunological cytotoxicity tests play an important role in evaluating immune system function, assessing vaccine efficacy, studying mechanisms of immune responses, and identifying defects in immune cell function. They are widely used in the fields of immunology, cancer research, transplantation, and virology.
Overall, immunological cytotoxicity tests provide valuable insights into the cytotoxic abilities of the immune system and contribute to a better understanding of immune responses in various diseases and conditions.
