IMMUNOCHEMICAL ASSAY Meaning and
Definition
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An immunochemical assay, often referred to as an immunoassay, is a laboratory technique used to detect and quantify specific molecules in a sample based on the principles of immunology. This method relies on the interactions between antigens and antibodies.
In an immunochemical assay, a complex series of steps is followed. First, a sample is obtained and prepared for analysis. Then, specific antibodies are added to the sample, which will bind specifically to the target molecule (also known as the analyte) if it is present. Following this, different methods can be employed to detect the immune complex formed by the analyte and antibodies, such as colorimetric, fluorescence, or radioactive labeling.
The immunochemical assay offers high specificity and sensitivity due to the high affinity and selectivity of antibodies. It has numerous applications across various fields, including clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical research, environmental monitoring, and food safety testing. For instance, it is commonly used to measure hormone levels in blood, detect the presence of infectious agents, measure drugs or their metabolites in the body, and determine the concentration of various molecules in biological or environmental samples.
Overall, immunochemical assays represent a powerful tool in scientific research and medical diagnostics, as they provide a reliable and efficient method to identify and quantify specific substances in complex biological or environmental matrices.
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Etymology of IMMUNOCHEMICAL ASSAY
The term "immunochemical assay" can be broken down into two parts: "immunochemical" and "assay".
The word "immunochemical" combines "immuno-" and "-chemical". "Immuno-" stems from the Latin word "immunis", which means "exempt" or "free from". In the context of immunochemical, it refers to the immune system. "-Chemical" refers to a substance or compound related to chemistry.
The term "assay" originates from the Old French word "assai", which means "trial" or "test". This word was derived from the late Latin word "exagium", meaning "weighing". Over time, "assay" developed into a broader meaning of testing and evaluating the composition or properties of substances.
Similar spelling word for IMMUNOCHEMICAL ASSAY
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