Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart muscle, particularly the walls of the left ventricle, which is the main pumping chamber. This excessive thickening can lead to various complications and affects the heart's ability to efficiently pump blood.
In HOCM, the thickened heart muscle can cause an obstruction to the blood flow exiting the heart, especially during contraction. This obstruction can result in symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and fainting, particularly during physical activity or exercise.
HOCM is typically inherited and is caused by mutations in certain genes that are responsible for the structure of cardiac muscle cells. It is estimated to affect approximately 1 in 500 people.
Diagnosis of HOCM involves a thorough evaluation of a patient's medical history, a physical examination, and various tests such as echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, and cardiac MRI. Genetic testing may also be conducted to identify specific gene mutations associated with HOCM.
Treatment options for HOCM aim to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall heart function. This can include medications to relax the heart muscle and improve blood flow, surgical procedures such as septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation to reduce the thickened muscle, implantation of a pacemaker or defibrillator devices, and lifestyle modifications.
Regular follow-up appointments with a cardiologist are essential to monitor the progression of the disease, adjust treatment as necessary, and manage potential complications.
