Hydatids, scientifically known as Echinococcus, are parasitic worms that belong to the family Taeniidae. These worms are part of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and typically infect the intestinal tracts of various carnivorous mammals, including dogs, cats, and humans, who act as definitive hosts.
The adult form of the hydatid worm resides within the intestinal walls of the definitive host, where it releases eggs through its feces. These eggs are then ingested by intermediate hosts, typically herbivores such as sheep, pigs, and horses, where they hatch and develop into larvae called hydatid cysts. These cysts primarily form in vital organs, particularly the liver and lungs, although they can also be found in other tissues such as the brain, heart, and bones.
The hydatid cysts can grow slowly and may reach considerable sizes, potentially causing severe health problems for infected intermediate hosts. Furthermore, if a definitive host consumes meat from an infected intermediate host, the cycle of infection can continue. In humans, hydatid infection is considered zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted between animals and people. Human infection occurs through the accidental ingestion of eggs from contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected animals.
Hydatids are a significant public health concern in regions where livestock farming is prevalent, and close contact between humans and infected animals is common. Prevention measures include proper hygiene practices, adequate cooking of meat, and deworming programs for domestic animals.
